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Farming the Future

Andrew Adler • 22 August 2024

 
Are we heading for the most exciting ten years for British farming, or will the challenge of valuing carbon and biodiversity create a future where you don’t feel welcome?

Back in November, I had a long car journey with Dan Knight, where I spoke of my excitement for the future of farming in a new world where food quality was valued alongside carbon and biodiversity. Where agriculture was seen as the solution to climate change rather than the cause and farmers, the custodians of the land suddenly had three sellable products- food, carbon and biodiversity. Business may be more complicated. However, it would move past being driven by the straightforward economics of efficiency and volume. There would be more opportunities to specialise and create niche products and services or systems that took value from food, carbon and biodiversity.

So why are things changing?

Ever since the Second World War, governments have focused on supporting farmers to feed the nation and do it in ever more efficient ways to increase the volume of calories to feed the population and export to drive revenue; self-sufficiency has been a mantra which has never been achieved. This has led to farms increasing in size and specialisation and using farming support businesses and big Ag companies for advice to manage complexity and produce more efficiently and with higher volume.

We live in a world where politicians have signed up to Net Zero commitments.  NGOs tell them how nature is depleted and how agriculture has been a significant source of carbon emissions and biodiversity loss. Work by the Stockholm Resilience Centre (Fig 1) on planetary boundaries shows that farming is involved in 4 areas where Planetary boundaries have been crossed

Biosphere Integrity- loss of genetic diversity in the environment

Climate change- driven by Carbon dioxide, Methane and Nitrogen Dioxide

Nitrogen- fixed nitrogen being added to the environment, creating algae blooms

Phosphorus- flows from fertiliser and erodible soil into the ocean, causing eutrophication.

 

 

 

Planetary boundaries and other scientific work are seen as fundamental for affecting politicians and the general public's view of environmental concerns and, thus, are the current driving forces of government subsidies and consumer concerns around the environmental impact of farming.

 

Agriculture is the third biggest industry(Fig 2), 5th most significant sector,  creating carbon emissions, and it has been easy to be defensive about the portrayal of the industry in public. Putting our heads in the sand and hoping all this goes away has been a logical response. However, uniquely Agriculture also has massive advantages because it is the only industry that absorbs carbon to make its primary product. With changing science and farming practices, carbon can be stored. With the ability to change the amount of biodiversity on their land, farmers can build on their social license to be climate-positive. Additionally, grassland farmers are identifying ways of decreasing nitrogen inputs. New technology is now available to remove Phosphorus from slurry and export it to the Arable farms in the East, thus creating a more circular farming system.

 

Agriculture in the UK has also had a significant investment in Research and Development in the last ten years since the development of the four innovation centres in 2013. £150 Million has been invested, and now, with 3 of the centres merging to create an Agricatapult, there is an ambition for the UK to become a global leader in sustainable food production, which will create Land sparing and Land Sharing capabilities. 

DEFRA is now putting money where its mouth is. The Sixth Carbon Budget contains all the information about how the government intends to achieve net zero by 2050. The section on agriculture runs to 82 pages and is often dense with information, ambition and prediction. However, it does lead DEFRA to ELMS and the Sustainable Farming Initiative with public money for public goods and encouragement of farmers to review and reflect on current farming practices and what practices will be delivering for tomorrow's world.

 

So, what can livestock farmers do to prepare for the upcoming changes?

Eight steps to a more sustainable and greener company

1-      Change mindset- see opportunity rather than cost

2-      Assess carbon footprint- use the tools to understand where the outputs are

3-      Set some goals- use the footprint to identify the highest impact areas

4-      Reduce consumption for quick wins- electric, fertiliser, cake

5-      Generate ideas and copy others

6-      Review suppliers and partners- do they share the vision and understand the journey.

7-      Engage Employees- they will be delivering the change and need to come on the journey.

8-      Explore technology and innovate

 

Farmers have been able to change mindsets and value new opportunities throughout time. It happens slowly and then quickly. Current trends in farming mean that a new generation, who are younger, more female, have varied educational backgrounds, are more concerned about environmental stewardship, and are more technologically savvy, is coming onto farms. This diversity of new talent coming into agriculture will change mindsets and allow farmers to see the future more clearly.

Carbon footprint technology continues to improve, and as it allows more granular data input, it becomes more valuable as a tool to support management decisions and benchmark the impact of those decisions on profitability and carbon removal.

Suppliers and partners become a crucial part of any change project. Identifying those organisations that share your values and want to enable farming to move to the future becomes a key objective. Suppliers are often very successful at supplying successful farmers today; however, they need help to look beyond short-term opportunities to see what they may need to supply in the medium to long term. This creates an opportunity for new suppliers and partners who share the vision and want to work with farmers of the future rather than farmers of the past.

Soil becomes one of the key focuses of the SFI and many routes to a different future. As a vet, I was always comfortable discussing maximising grass growth to get health and production. New thinking now emphasises the importance of the diversity of plants and the diversity of the soil beneath that plant. New science and old techniques are now merging to increase understanding of how we can better support soil to decrease artificial Nitrogen uses and improve the drainage and absorption capacity of the soil to support water retention. This old/new thinking will allow livestock farmers to take advantage of both better grass growth and carbon sequestration once there is agreement in the science.

Developing technologies that lead to higher phosphate removals using separators means that the higher Nitrogen liquid component can be kept on farms to grow grass. In contrast, the solid fractions with more phosphate can be exported to where needed. Technology is also developing in Biodiversity monitoring, and now the cost of this is decreasing with lower reliance on ecologists and more reliance on technological sensors. Much of this technology is still in development, and those farmers who engage at an early stage may be able to influence the development and take advantage of the benefits before the later adopters.

 

One of the critical questions is how to support farmers in seeing the positive upside of the next agricultural revolution to allow them to approach the future with excitement and opportunity rather than defensiveness and concern for livelihood. 

Approaching this through questions rather than answers will allow reflection on what is wanted over the next 15 years for themselves and the land they steward.

What matters to you now?

What will matter to your family in 10-15 years?

How can we measure the impact of the advice we are receiving?

Sitting in 2035, what will you be most proud of?

What capacity do I have for experimentation and entrepreneuring to the future?


What has Andy Adler, as aidos advisory done to decrease impact?

·       Invested in Air Source Heat Pump (paid by the government)

·       Invested in solar and battery (7-year payback)

·       Use zero-waste shops

·       Trying to change diet to increase beans and pulses

·       We have encouraged children to engage in sustainability at university

·       We have left current employment to set up a sustainability consultancy

by Andrew Adler 22 August 2024
A little over a year ago, founding vet and director Alex Reynolds discussed his forthcoming retirement with his fellow founding partner Daniel Phillips and their co-director Emma Lawson. This was not the first time they’d discussed retirement; it was mentioned four years before when Emma became part of the director team. But as the company anniversary of 25 years of trading drew near, Alex was ready to hang up his stethoscope and wellies. Remaining as an independent practice was an essential goal for Alex as he passed over the reins, but also for Daniel and Emma, who were keen to keep Meadowbrook operating in much the same way while maintaining its growth trajectory. But also, crucially, no one was keen to ‘sell out’ and become part of the corporate machine. In Alex's own words… “Over the 25 years since we founded Meadowbrook Veterinary Practice, we have enjoyed the freedom of making the business our own and allowed ourselves and our employees to follow their interests and have a go at developing the business in new and exciting areas, such as farm animal mastitis diagnostics, and now other diversification projects. This has allowed us to grow. We now employ ten vets and have become a business that is five times bigger than when we started.” “Being an independent business has always been at the core of what we are, and when it came to my retirement, I was determined that Meadowbrook Veterinary Practice should continue to be so.” Four years previously, the director team had started using the services of Paul Lencioni of Apex Advisory Ltd. Paul had been working with the Director team to create the space and time where they worked on their business rather than in their business. Meetings were generally held every quarter, with Paul creating the agenda after speaking to the directors about what was on their minds. Paul was an external ear for internal tensions and was available between meetings to listen, guide and occasionally challenge thinking. His primary role was to Chair the directors, create a business planning process, and then hold the directors accountable to each other to deliver the growth plans and monitor financial performance. In 2019, when Paul first supported the business, it was felt that there were no potential future shareholders. Paul challenged this thinking, and everyone was asked to identify potential talent within the team. By 2022, the team had identified some interested potential shareholders and some leadership talent. Paul supported Meadowbrook in exploring options with them and then transitioning the business from a two-director-owned business to a five-director-owned business. Having the experience of buying into a vet practice, bringing in new shareholders to a vet practice as well as selling out of a vet practice, Paul was able to support the director team to think about their culture, values and what sort of business they wanted to be with new ownership. Paul also supported the new Directors to reflect on their new roles as shareholders and directors and how their investment in Meadowbank would deliver a return on investment and personal growth. It was clear that they wanted to continue as an independent, locally-owned business. However, they also needed to value the business appropriately to allow Alex to retire whilst sticking to his values. Over a year, the team met with Paul alongside an external independent accountant to create a valuation model and prepare the new shareholders for the responsibility of ownership. The new owners needed to get funding and understand the complex articles of association and shareholder agreements. Paul encouraged everyone to view the business's future and their own positions within it and represented Meadowbrook in these discussions. With no conflict of interest, he created an external ear for internal problems, enabling more open and honest conversations. The dual responsibilities of clinical excellence and business management appealed to one of the incoming shareholders, Lucy, “Partnership and an active leadership role have always been a goal of mine, not least to be able to increase the variation of my work. We have a fantastic team at Meadowbrook, and I’m excited to expand the business driving down into our core farm animal work, looking for ways we can further help our farmers in these increasingly tough times. But I’m also looking forward to growing and developing the advanced mastitis diagnostics and lameness services we offer.” Ethan, another new shareholder, reflects, “A huge thanks to Alex, Daniel, & Emma; they gave Olivia and me the freedom, time, and resources to develop our small animal surgery work. We look forward to “passing it on” and leading a practice that allows our vets to thrive, in whichever areas appeal to them.” It is clear from speaking with the new director team at Meadowbrook that Alex is both loved and respected and will be sorely missed. Meadowbank can now chart their new course. Allowing the new Directors to bed in and find their feet, Paul comments- ‘ It has been a real pleasure to support a practice to stay in the hands of the locally employed vets. Watching and supporting young vets as they take their first steps in business ownership allows us all to reflect on how we spent five years learning to be a vet and we then expect to be business owners with a few days of training. I will continue to support Meadowbrook for as long as they want me to, allowing the directors to achieve their ambitions and thrive in the current landscape. Alex has now left with a great leaving party. I still get to hear of his travels, and he occasionally rings to make sure all the new team have settled in.’’ Meadowbrook Veterinary Practice is a fictional practice dreamed up by Chat GTP. However the process described happened. If you want to know more, please contact Andrew Curwen at XLVets ltd.
by Andrew Adler 22 August 2024
A year ago, Charlie, one of the directors of a vet practice- let's call it Greendale Vets, contacted me in a bit of a state. She had just left a directors meeting with no clear direction, a knowledge that the individuals were not working as a team and the business was heading for difficult times. She wanted to leave the company and regretted becoming a partner/ shareholder. The practice had been set up in a hurry three years ago when a 20-vet, 6-shareholder mixed practice had three partners who wanted to sell to a corporation and take their cash out. The director team were at loggerheads and took advice from their accountants. The accountants advised that the corporates were no longer interested in farm or equine work and that they should split the practice up to sell it. The farm partner still believed in independent practice, so she was happy with the plan; however, she needed to have business succession by identifying two young, gifted clinicians and offering them an excellent deal to go into partnership. The first two years of the new practice for Charlie were an adrenaline rush. Everything was exciting and new. Learning about a business, being involved in decision-making, being paid significantly more and still getting to do the job she loved, working with farmers to improve the health of their animals. I met her two years in, and although she was having fun, she did confide that she found directors' meetings difficult, needed help understanding the numbers, and was unsure how well the other new director was performing. I offered her my number and support if ever needed. Nine months later, I got a text- “Lots of complications within directorship and overall not working well, not sure where to go from here and would appreciate your help. “ Various conversations with Charlie and the director team led to a facilitated directors meeting where we looked at a director's role and how we could support the top team to function. We collated some data using Lencioni’s model of the five dysfunctions of a team (Lencioni). We identified that a fear of conflict and an avoidance of accountability prevented the team from delivering performance. A tough directors' meeting followed. We had to identify ways of accepting that productive conflict enabled growth and ways in which feedback could be given and received. For accountability, we accepted that once we had established trust and feedback, we could create realistic goals and standards to hold each other to account. That first meeting needed real bravery on everyone's behalf. It was challenging to facilitate. The complex emotions of the participants to accept the emotions in the room. Once the emotion had been released, everyone realised that they all had a common purpose and wanted to develop ways of working to allow the team to perform and the practice to thrive. The team continues engaging services that will enable an external ear for internal problems. We meet once a quarter to review plans and create a strategic direction. The presence of an external Chair empowers the team to hold each other accountable in a safe environment. The practice has now expanded as we have looked at innovating around flexible working, new product development, and research and farmers recognising the consistency of Greendale vets' offerings. Charlie has been doing management training and has a mentor to support her. She is far more confident in practice and has enjoyed her clinical work again. There is a precise time in her diary to do management work, and she has started to trust the practice team to deliver delegated tasks. She still rings her mentor regularly, especially before difficult one-to-one conversations or team meetings, to allow a plan to become apparent. She has no intention of leaving the team she loves working with now and is relieved that the top team is now functioning and the business is starting to thrive.
by Andrew Adler 28 October 2022
Andy Adler, innovator, facilitator and company director at an agricultural firm, says there are lessons to learn from a transformative trip to Ireland. We informally call ourselves a ‘book club’, one without any set reads. We talk weekly about the world and how it can be made better. Last month we visited one of our members, an Irish farmer, to see sustainability in action. If there is one thing I would recommend to people, it is to try to ‘experience’ sustainability, see it, feel it, smell it! Back in 2021, I had shown curiosity around the farmer’s use of peat as a fuel in his house. I knew it was bad from an environmental point of view (essentially burning a type of non-renewable fossil fuel, releasing carbon dioxide to the atmosphere where it contributes to the climate crisis). However, I also knew, as with many aspects of sustainability, everything is complex. We were told great stories about the local community and the tradition of cutting peat, drying, stacking and collecting it. However as a group who regularly discussed climate change, we challenged the farmer to identify another ritual that the community could undertake instead of digging and burning peat.
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