In July 2022 we travelled to Ireland to meet up for the first time. It was delightful. We got to see honey bees, we were fed and entertained in the traditional Irish way by the family, and given a tour of the farm and the now-famous Irish peat bog.
In front of the farmhouse was a field that had been kept as a wildflower meadow for over twenty years. Seeing it, for the first time I really understood what a shifting baseline was. Having spent my life in fields advising farmers on grazing management and discussing how best to extract the most grass from each acre, suddenly I could understand what real biodiversity was about. The insects, the grass growth, the abundance of different grass and flower species, as well as the birds. It was a sight I had never seen before. It was marvellous and inspiring, and now I am able to discuss the concept of shifting baselines with my regular customers back in England, because I have seen what biodiversity means in practice. (Shifting baseline theory describes the process by which future generations normalise degraded environments).
As for the bog, in reality this is open cast mining of peat wetlands which have developed since the last ice age (10,000 years ago). The peat is acidic and made from decomposing sphagnum moss in a wetland mat. The moss is drained by cutting a ditch and then is scraped away into small logs of peat which are left to dry. Once dried they are stacked to dry more, before being collected and taken home to be burnt in the fire.
Most families in the community have a 'line' of peat, they are charged £250 a year for it, and it is sufficient to heat their homes. Running the bog, the drying, stacking and carting away is a community event. Each tonne of peat that is burnt, will have released approximately 3 tonnes of carbon on its journey to make heat.
The trip enabled us to see first-hand, and talk about, the issues of sustainability observed around climate change, biodiversity, as well as cultural heritage and minority rights.
The farmer had already taken a risk by discussing the future of the bog with the community. He has now enlisted a young local to help him think about how to take a community tradition and change it to be less environmentally destructive. They have won some funding and intend to get an ecologist to come to talk to the community about the ecology, and there is support to find alternative sources of energy for the community.
Already, new wind farms have been built on some dugout bogs in Ireland. If these can be community owned, this could enable transition to a new environmentally-friendly energy source.
Some tips
So, generally, what can people do to take action to protect the planet? I try to follow the recommendations set out in Paul Hawken’s book Regeneration – Ending the climate crisis in one generation.
People could create a simple list of actions for themselves, or, even better, set up a group to address climate issues (our ‘book club’ works well). Such groups can propagate knowledge about what works. But it is important to understand how knowledge and actions should be adapted to fit places, people and cultures. It is also important to take a look at and analyse outcomes, so that insights can continuously evolve. New technology, such as conversational software , and cross sector collaborations between people, neighbourhoods and organisations can accelerate progress.
The carbon generated by the trip was offset by supporting the Woodland trust.
Investigating the implications of shifting baseline syndrome on conservation by Lizzie P. Jones et al published in People and Nature, August 2020
Regeneration Ending the climate crisis in one generation a book by Paul Hawken